Exhaust muffler



0d- 7 1930. F. F. HAMILTON E'f AL EXHAUST MUFFLER Filed Aug. l, 1928 4 Sheegs-Sheet N` #d ming: H 4 n 1U s n M4N Y y n I,- M l v ,4 a m www* 9 V QD 011V? M n 5 R H S RMN n NN TN .Nhml h ffl I @L m, ww M\ u a e QN v y 2f l. Y K( d N\\x\.

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Oct.v7, 1930. F. F. HAMILTON ET Aa. 1,777,522

EXHAUST MUFFLEH Filed Aug. `1, 192e 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 /N VEHToR, Fancs F.' Hamflongw Haro/JE. V44 Lorhees,

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#gl-'.HAMILTN ET AL Oct. 7, 1930.

EXHAUST MUFPLER Filed A ug. 1, 192s 4 Sheets-Sheet -3 Patented Oct. 7, 1930 PATENT OFFICE .FRANCIS F. `HAMILTON AND HAROLD E. VAN VOORHEES, Ol'

nmmnoma INDIANA ExnaUsT :manna Application illed August 1, 1928. Serial lo. 896,760.

This invention relates to mulllers for hydrocarbon motors and` having for its primary objects a simple construction of parts so arranged that expansion and contraction due to heat will not loosen the several parts thereby preventing leakage of exhaust gases and rattling of parts; that minimizes instead of amplifying exhaust noises and eliminates overtones; that is supported by fire resisting material to prevent transmission of 'vibrations through the muffler toy the frame of the automobile or other structure carrying the motor and muffler; that is quiet and lig t in weight, and well ada ted to quantity production on punch and rawing presses; and that will prevent surging of gases from the motor, practically eliminating back pressure, and permit combustion of the carbon monoxide gases before leaving the .n muffler.

These and other objects will vbecome more apparent by the following description of the invention as illustrated 1n the accompanyinvdrawings, in which` ig. 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of a muffler embodying our invention;

Fig. 2, a horizontal longitudinal section on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section on the line 3 3 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4, a vertical transverse section on the line 4-4 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5, a vertical transverse section through the tail pipe on the line 5 5 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6, a fragmentary side elevation of the exhaust head; f

Fig. 7, a fragmentary front elevation of the exhaust head;

Fig. 8, a fragmentary side elevation of an exhaust head slightly modified from that shown in Fig. 6;

Fig. 9, a fragmentary side elevationy ofan exhaust head further modified;

Fig. 10, a fragmentary rear elevation of the. head shown in'Fig. 9;

Fig. 11, a fragmentary -side elevation of an exhaust head slightly modified from that shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. 12, a fragmentary side elevation ofv a muler modified in form from that shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 13, a horizontal longitudinal section on the line 12-12 in Fig. 13.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several views.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings, we form a muffler shell 15 having the upper portion substantially curved in crosssection on the line of an involute,l so that a 00 cross-section through the shell appears in outline substantially as indicated 1n Figs. 3 and 4. The forward end of the shell 15 is curved around and tapered over to one side to form the extension 18 to receive an intake pipe 16, and an inner wall 17 is spaced back of this forward extension 18 tp retain therebetween a sound deadening material, preferably asbestos.

As will be noted in Figs. 1 and 2, the inner 7o wall 17 extends backwardly onto the shell 15 Just enou h to bring it parallel to the shell wall, so t at gases coming around the wall 17 are discharged therefrom parallel to the wall of the shell 15.

A hollow body 19 is positioned within this extension 18 to have its apex within the inner end of the intake pipe 16 at the center thereof vertically but removed horizontally toward the side of the pipe 16, as in Fig. 2. This body 19 1s shaped to provide a passageway entirely therearound between it and the inner Wall 17 of substantially equal width through.- out its length. The rear of the body 19 is tapered into an apex lying substantially on the horizontal center line of the shell 15, but removedk a short distance from the vertical .center line in the direction of the axis of the intake pipe 16. The forwardly directed face of the body is lined within preferably by asbestos held in place by the lnner wall 20.

It is therefore to be seen, that gases coming through the intake pipe 16 strike the forward, inclined face of the body 19 and may7 escape through the passageway therearound, some of the gases going the extreme short way a and some the varying longer distances past the body 19 up to the maximum way b, so that t-he gases are in effect actually differentiated into streams of varying 100 vlengths permitting part ofthe gases\ to be v i through the tail pi e 22.

The rear end o vthe shell is so curved that gases striking the rear end from around the body 19 are deiiected around and d1- rented forwardly in lines parallel to the tail gehe tail pipe 22 extends for a` short distance to withln the shell 15 where it is reduced in diameter to form a Venturi-like restriction from which it is flared outwardly and forwardly toform the metering head 23, which forms the support of the exhaust head nerally designated by the numeral 24. A e head 23 is provided with a plurality of slots 25 cuttherethrough, th lower ends of the slots being s aced somewhat above the line of joinder o the head 23 ywith the pipe i 22 closed by securing therein a hollow cone 26 `with its -apex directed backwardly toward vthe pipe 22 so that the only communication from the s ell l5 to within thepipe 22 is through the slots 25. A hollow cone 27 is positioned b means of posts 28, Fig. 7, just in front of t e cone 26 in a reversed posi tionto have its a ex directed forwardly and a frustro-conica apron 29 is secured to the eriphery of the base of the cone 27 to exten backfwardly and inwardly toward the pipe 22 to have its yrear end terminate substantially in the plane of the restriction in the pipe 22 so that an annular o ening is left for ases to escape from the s ell 15 'to within t e passageway formedbetween the head 23 and the surrounding apron 29, this passageway being decreased in width from its opening to the end of the head 23 furthest removed from but is kept at a uniform diameter as shown in Fig. 8i) the head proper remaining the the pi e 22, discharging to within .theA space define betweenthe cones 26 and 27, which space operates as a sound tra the gases havin'g esca ed' laterally throng the slots 25 in coming hrough this passageway.

In ap lying the muiiler to somemotors, it is found) that better results are obtained as to reduction of noise by iixin a forwardly vcupped visor 30 to the` outsi e of the head 24, to havev it extend toward the side of the shell, as in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, to which the intake pipe 16 is nearest. The characteristics of motors var as to exhaust pressures, number of cylin ers, size, etc., so that a wide ran of noise and ressures are encountered in t e exhaust disc arge. Under some conditions, the tail pipe 22 is not restricted at the base of the head` 23 as above described,

same as a ove described. Y

A modified form of exhaust head as shown Attention is also directed to the fact, that in the iare 31, and spaced therefrom isa shellv 34 having its rear end fixed to the pipe 22 and carrying on the forward end the hollow, open base cone with its apex directed forwardly so that there is an opening over the so forward end of the flare 31 into and between the cones 33\and 35. Y

Anumber of slots 36,'here shown as three in number are cut through the shell 34 in the same plane near its junction with the cone 35 to permit gases from within the shell 15 to escape therethrough, Aand out the'slots 32 t into the tail pipe 22. -The forward end of the head 23 is enf It is to be noted vthat the slots 25 in the form in Figs. 6 and 7 are V-shaped to have @gradually widening'opening in the initial direction of the oncoming gases. Similarly, the slotsy 32 in the 'form in Figs. 9, lO'and 11 are reversed in position for the same reason.

the form shown in Figs. l9, 10, and 11 that the slots 32 are only provided through the iiare 31 under thoseportions of the shell 34 where there is no slot 36, therey being no slots 32 through the flare 31 directly under the shell slots 36. As indicated in Fig. 10, holes 38 may be substituted for the slots 32 or the slots 25 in the first described form in Fig. 6.

. Where cost of the muiiier must be reduced to the minimum and some noise is not objectionable, the invention may be embodied in the form as shown in Figs. l2 and 13. Here the overall length of the muiiier is shortened to give a short shell 40 havin the same forward extension 18, but'the 2(body 19y is removed entirely and the exhaust head 24 brought up iny its place, the head 24 tending to differentiate the incoming gases into different length streams, but not doing so quite as efiectually as when the body 19 is employed.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 5, the muiiier is suspended from the tail pipe by a short length of fabricated fire-resistant material 41, such as is commonly used for brake lining and the like. By such-suspension, no vibrations in the muiiier may be transmitted to the supportingframe 42. y

While we have described our invention in the form now best known to us, it is obvious that many structural variations may be made without departing 4from the spirit of Athe invention, and we therefore do not desire and described, nor any more than may be required by the following claims.

We claim:

1. In an exhaust gas muilier, a shell closed at both ends, an intake pi e enterin the front end, a tail pipe exten ed throug the rear end, an exhaust headk carried on the forward end of the tail pipe in the shell, said shell and front end of the mulller being shaped to give a lon er distance across the end and along one si e of the shell than on the opposite side with gradually decreasing distances therebetween, said rear end being curved from the shell around and forwardly whereby gas flowing backwardly along the shell wall will be reversed in d1- rection of flow to be directed for ardly toward said exhaust head.

2. In an exhaust gas muller, a shell closed at both ends, an intake pipe enterin the front end, a tail pipe extending throug the rear end, an exhaust head carried on the forward end of the tail pi e in the shell, said shell and front end o the mulller being shaped to give a lon er distance across the end and along one si e of the shell than on the opposite side with gradually decreasing distances therebetween, said rear end being curvedfrom the shell'wall around and forwardly whereby gas flowing backwardly along the shell wall will be reversed in direction of flow to be directed forwardly toward said exhaust head, and a deflector body carried in said front end to define a passage,

;, way therearound between it and the end wall, said passageway discharging into said shell arallel to the shell wall.

3. n an exhaust gas mufller, a shell closed at both ends, an intake pipe entering the ,I front end, a tail pipe extending through the rear end, an exhaust head carried on the forward end of the tail pipein the shell, said shell and front end of the muflier being shaped to give a longer distance across the end and along one side of the shell than on the opposite side withgradually decreasing distances therebetween, said rear end being curved from the shell Wall around and forwardly whereby gas flowingv backwardly along the shell wall will be reversed in direction of flow to be directed forwardl toward said exhaust head, and a deflector ody carried in said front end to define a passageway therearound between it and the end wall, said passageway discharging into said shell parallel to the shell wall, said front end and the forward side of said deflector body being lined with sound deadening material.

4. In an exhaust gas muler, a shell closed at both ends, an intake pipe enterin the front end, a tail pipe extending throng the rear end, an exhaust head carried on the forward end of the tail pi e in theshell, said shell and front end o the muiller being sha d to give a lon er distance across the endpind along one si e of the shell than on the opposite-side with gradually decreasing distances therebetween, said rear end being curved from the shell wall around and forwardly whereby as llowing backwardly along the shell wa will be reversed in d1- rect'ion of flow to be directed forwardl toward said exhaust head, and a deflector body carried in said front en'd to define a passageway therearound between it and the end wa l, said passageway dischar 'ng'into said shell para lel tothe shell wa l, and a deflector on said exhaust head extending therefrom toward the side of the shell having the shortest gas travel therealong.

5. In an exhaust gas mulller, a shell closed j at both ends, an intake pi enterin the front end, a tail pipe extendin `throng the rear end, an exhaust head carried on the forward end of the tail pipe in the shell, said shell and front end of the muler being shaped to give a longer distance across the lend and along one si e of the shell than on the opposite vside with gradually decreasing distancesv therebetween, said rear end being curvedv from the shell -wall around and forwardly whereby gas fiowing x backwardly along the shell wall will be reversed in d1- rection of flow to be directed forwardl toward said exhaust head, and a detlector body carried in said front end to define a passageway therearound between it and the end wall, said passagewa dischargin `into said shell arallel to the s ell wall, sai front end /and t e forward side of said detlector bod bein lined with sound deadening materia 6. n an exhaust gas muffler, a tail pipe, and an exhaust head adapted to discharge into said tail pipe, said head comprising an inner frustro-conical wall having apertures therethrou h, said wall flaring outwardly and away om said tail pipe, a closure across the base of said wall, and a second outer frustroconical wall surrounding and having less slope than that of said first Wall, the end of said second wall toward said tail pipe being open and spaced outwardly therefrom whereby an annular ypassageway about said lirst wall is formed therebetween diminishing in volume towardthe base of said first wall.

7. Iny an exhaust gas mufller, a tail pipe, and an exhaust head adapted to discharge into said tail pipe, said head comprising an inner frustro-conical wall having apertures therethrough, said wall flarin outwardly and away from said tail pipe, a c osure across the base of said wall, and a second outer frustro-conical wall surrounding and having less slope than that of said first wall, the

'wallz said apertures com rising V-shaped openings having their wi estmost sections directe y oward the base of said first wall.

8. In an exhaust as muiler, a tail pipe, and an exhaust head adapted to discharge into said tail pipe, said head comprising an inner frustro-conical wall having apertures therethrou h, said wall arn outwardly and away rom said tail pipe, a c osure across the base of said wall, and a second outer frustro-conical wall surrounding and havin less slo e than that of said first wall, the en of sai second wall toward said tail ipe being open and spaced outwardly there rom a whereb an annular passageway aboutsaid first wa lis formed therebetween diminishin in volume toward the base of said first wal and a housing spaced from said closure and joining with the annular base of said second 20 wall to define an annular o ening between said first wall and said secon wall discharging into said housing.

9. In an exhaust as niulller, a tail pipe, and an exhaust head adapted to discharge 25 into said tail pipe, said head comprising an inner rustro-conical wall having apertures therethrou h, said wall flaring outwardly and away rom said tail pipe, a closure across the base of said wall, and a second outer 30 frustro-conioal wall surrounding and having less slope than that of said first wall, the end of said second wall toward said tail ipe being open and spaced outwardly there rom whereby an annular passageway about said a5 rst wall is formed therebetween diminishing in volume toward the base of said first wall, and said closure being cone-shaped and k'extending to within said first frustro-conical wa l. f

10. In an exhaust as muiiler, a muler shell having a rear end, a tail pipe through said rear end, an exhaust head on the forward end of the tail pipe within the shell, said exhaust head having a plurality Iof V- shaped slots extending longitudinalliyv of the head with their broad ends toward e front of the head.

In testimony whereof we ailix our signatures. 5g FRANCIS F. HAMILTON.

HAROLD E.l VAN VOORHEES. 

